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Kalevalan päivä

28 Feb

The Finnish flags have been raised today in honor of Kalevalan päivä. Today is a celebration of the Kalevala, the national epic poem of Finland compiled by Elias Lönnrot in the 19th century.

Akseli Gallen-Kallela, Lemminkäisen äiti (Lemminkäinen's Mother), 1897, Ateneum Art Museum, Helsinki, Finland 108.5 × 85.5 cm, tempera on canvas,

Akseli Gallen-Kallela’s painting above depicts a scene the Kalevala. Lemminkainen’s mother has sewn the body of the slain warrior back together after collecting all the pieces of his corpse from the river. In this illustration, she is looking at a single bee carrying an ointment from the god Ukko. This magic honey will resurrect her son.

Below are the opening lines from the poem. To read more, visit this site.

The Kalevala

MASTERED by desire impulsive,
By a mighty inward urging,
I am ready now for singing,
Ready to begin the chanting
Of our nation’s ancient folk-song
Handed down from by-gone ages.
In my mouth the words are melting,
From my lips the tones are gliding,
From my tongue they wish to hasten;
When my willing teeth are parted,
When my ready mouth is opened,
Songs of ancient wit and wisdom
Hasten from me not unwilling.

Golden friend, and dearest brother,
Brother dear of mine in childhood,
Come and sing with me the stories,
Come and chant with me the legends,
Legends of the times forgotten,
Since we now are here together,
Come together from our roamings.
Seldom do we come for singing,
Seldom to the one, the other,
O’er this cold and cruel country,
O’er the poor soil of the Northland.
Let us clasp our hands together
That we thus may best remember.
Join we now in merry singing,
Chant we now the oldest folk-lore,
That the dear ones all may hear them,
That the well-inclined may hear them,
Of this rising generation.
These are words in childhood taught me,
Songs preserved from distant ages,
Legends they that once were taken
From the belt of Wainamoinen,
From the forge of Ilmarinen,
From the sword of Kaukomieli,
From the bow of Youkahainen,
From the pastures of the Northland,
From the meads of Kalevala.
These my dear old father sang me
When at work with knife and hatchet
These my tender mother taught me
When she twirled the flying spindle,
When a child upon the matting
By her feet I rolled and tumbled.

Incantations were not wanting
Over Sampo and o’er Louhi,
Sampo growing old in singing,
Louhi ceasing her enchantment.
In the songs died wise Wipunen,
At the games died Lemminkainen.
There are many other legends,
Incantations that were taught me,
That I found along the wayside,
Gathered in the fragrant copses,
Blown me from the forest branches,
Culled among the plumes of pine-trees,
Scented from the vines and flowers,
Whispered to me as I followed
Flocks in land of honeyed meadows,
Over hillocks green and golden,
After sable-haired Murikki,
And the many-colored Kimmo.
Many runes the cold has told me,
Many lays the rain has brought me,
Other songs the winds have sung me;
Many birds from many forests,
Oft have sung me lays n concord
Waves of sea, and ocean billows,
Music from the many waters,
Music from the whole creation,
Oft have been my guide and master.
Sentences the trees created,
Rolled together into bundles,
Moved them to my ancient dwelling,
On the sledges to my cottage,
Tied them to my garret rafters,
Hung them on my dwelling-portals,
Laid them in a chest of boxes,
Boxes lined with shining copper.
Long they lay within my dwelling
Through the chilling winds of winter,
In my dwelling-place for ages.

Shall I bring these songs together
From the cold and frost collect them?
Shall I bring this nest of boxes,
Keepers of these golden legends,
To the table in my cabin,
Underneath the painted rafters,
In this house renowned and ancient?
Shall I now these boxes open,
Boxes filled with wondrous stories?
Shall I now the end unfasten
Of this ball of ancient wisdom,
These ancestral lays unravel?
Let me sing an old-time legend,
That shall echo forth the praises
Of the beer that I have tasted,
Of the sparkling beer of barley.
Bring to me a foaming goblet
Of the barley of my fathers,
Lest my singing grow too weary,
Singing from the water only.
Bring me too a cup of strong-beer,
It will add to our enchantment,
To the pleasure of the evening,
Northland’s long and dreary evening,
For the beauty of the day-dawn,
For the pleasure of the morning,
The beginning of the new-day.

Often I have heard them chanting,
Often I have heard them singing,
That the nights come to us singly,
That the Moon beams on us singly,
That the Sun shines on us singly;
Singly also, Wainamoinen,
The renowned and wise enchanter,
Born from everlasting Ether
Of his mother, Ether’s daughter.

The Finnish Language

28 Aug

An Introduction

Finnish became the official language of Finland in 1892. There are nearly six million speakers of Finnish worldwide and it is the official minority language in Sweden. Finnish is also spoken in parts of Norway, Estonia, Russia, Canada, and the United States.

Before the Middle Ages, Finnish largely existed as part of a rich oral tradition. Business, religious and administrative affairs were conducted in other languages until the sixteenth century. At this time, Bishop Mikael Agricola codified the Finnish language with the intention of translating the Bible into Finnish.

Three centuries later, Elias Lönnrot compiled folk stories into Finland’s national epic, the Kalevala. This mythological tale is often considered the most important piece of fiction for Finland because of it’s integral role in unifying and shaping a national identity. Finland secured its independence from Russia in 1917, less than a century after the publication of the first edition of the Kalevala (1835).

Finnish is a notoriously challenging language to learn, but thankfully, almost everyone that I have met in Helsinki speaks English. Students here start taking English or Swedish in grade school and by the time they have finished high school have taken at least one or two other languages as well. My classes have not started yet so I’ve been attempting (with minimal success) to study Finnish. A few polite expressions are helpful to know to be respectful.

Some Common Expressions

hyvää huomenta good morning

hyvää päivää good day

hyvää iltaa good evening

hyvää yötä good night

terve! hello!

hei! /   moi! hi!

näkemiin good bye

kiitos thank you

Puhutteko englantia? Do you speak English?

To practice pronunciation, I use Google translate. Remember that the first syllable is stressed, without exception.

Other Oddities about the Finnish Language

Finnish is a part of the Uralian languages which includes Finnish, Estonian and Hungarian.

There are several things that make these languages distinct:

  • There are no articles
  • There is no gender
  • There is no equivalent of the verb “to have” in English

Finno-Ugric languages are agglutinative, meaning that affixes are added to the base of words within this language. As a result, extremely long words exist (and are quite common) in Finnish such as the following:

epäjärjestelmällistyttämättömyydellänsäkäänköhän

This word means “doubting: not even with his/her ability to not make a thing unsystematic.” This word has forty-eight letters by my count!

saippuakivikauppias

This word (meaning a soapstone seller) is the longest known palindrome.

riiuuyoaie

This word has the largest number of consecutive vowels (9!). It means courting right intention.

Minä tapaan sinut huomenna. / Minä tapan sinut huomenna.

These nearly identical sentences mean drastically different things.

Minä tapaan sinut huomenna.

I’ll see you tomorrow.

Minä tapan sinut huomenna.

I’ll kill you tomorrow.

(For more information, see:  http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/Finnish.html)